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| Football is the most popular team kind of sport in the world. It is estimated that | the largest number of people on all continents play this sporting discipline. |
| The origin of this sporting discipline cannot be exactly identified. The first mention in literature reaches the times when tribes of Maya and Aztecs existed in the world. At those times football was played with the heads of sacrificed people. The beginning of this discipline can be found in history of countries of South America. Other sources point at Venice, where first mini-matches of a “ragged” ball were played. The modern football moved to British Islands from those territories at the turn of XVIII and XIX centuries and earned huge popularity. First football balls were made from urinary bladders of animals. British monarchs wanted to limit the development of this discipline but it was ineffective and at the beginning of XX century football became the sport of continental character and in the middle of this century – global. Speaking about football standards and rules, they were thought up in England, namely in the Trinity University. In 1863 Football Association was created which established the single and constant rules of the game. |
The English Football Union was the first organization of such kind in the world. At the beginning of XX century (1904) the first International Football Federation was created with headquarters in Paris. Now FIFA is the International Football Federation to which 208 national federations belong. Exactly FIFA organizes the most important tournaments including the World Championship and also establishes the rules of football. The following federations act on certain continents:
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| Football matches are played on a rectangular field: 100 or more meters long and 64 meters wide. Football gates are 2.44 m high and 7.32 m wide. The ball in football has circumference from 68 to 70 cm and its weight cannot exceed 450 g. The teams come out to the field in lineups of 11 players. In football different tactical schemes, for instance 4-4-2, 3-5-2-1 or 4-3-2-1, depending on the coach’s conception are used. Only three substitutions in a team are possible during the whole match. In unofficial matches even 7 or more substitutions can be done. The ball can be kicked only with legs and head or received on chest during the game. It is categorically forbidden to play with hands. This prohibition does not concern goalkeepers who are in the penalty | area of their gates. The penalty area is a zone where a foul of a defender against an attacking player leads to an 11 meters penalty. Football referees, whom there are 6 (main, linesmen, technical) can penalize players but only the main referee can show yellow and red cards. The team which scores more goals during the regular time, 90 minutes, wins. If a game ends in a draw extra time is assigned 2x15 minutes with change of gates by the principle of the “golden goal”. In case of impossibility of identification of the winner a series of penalties is assigned (5 penalties into the gates of both teams). If a draw turns up again after a series of penalties then the team which scores a goal and the goalkeeper of which doesn’t concede a goal – wins. |
| We won’t describe all kinds of national and club tournaments here. The World Championship is held every 4 years, similar to Championships of the given continent. In most cases tournaments are played after the end of club seasons. | There has to be a two-year break between World Championship and championships of the given continent. To advance to the mentioned above tournaments all stages of elimination have to be went through. |
| The popularity of football comes from several factors. The most important of them is that this sport is massively broadcasted on TV and in the net. Moreover this discipline is “cheap” even for ordinary people. Most people in the world are engaged in amateur | football which makes it unusually popular. This kind of sport is extremely popular also in schools and football matches bring colossal emotions and adrenalin with them. Surprisingly important is also the local aspect (club fans) and patriotism (national teams). |
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